Heat-insulator.



No. 822,848. PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906. E. KUSZ.

HEAT INSULATR.

LPPLIGATIOH PILEB SEIT. 1S, 1904.

y 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIOE.

EMIL Kurz,l or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

HEATINSULATOR.

SpeccationA of Letters Patent.

Patented J une 5, 1908.

Applies@ mea september 16,1904. sans N9. 224,737.

` Toal whom it may concern:

after fully described and claime I In theaccompan 'ng drawings,illustrateY igure 1 is .a perspectiveV Be it known that I, EMIL KUNZ acitizen ofthe United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have ,invented certain new and useful Imrovements in Vl-Ieat-Insulators;` and I do ereby declare the followin tobe a full, clear, and enactv descriptionio the invention, such as willenable'others skilled in the art to which it sipertains to make and usethe same; y inventionrelates to a novel construcktion inheat-insulators, the object being to rovide simple and Aefficient means'for insu ating compartments, particularly refrigerators; and itconsists in the features of construction and combinations of (partehereining rn invention, view 1 lustrating a section of heat-insulatingmaterial constructed in* accordance with my invention, part of sainebeing broken awayL Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectionY ofAY composite iheat-insulating Wall or section theres Ycenstructed in accordance withmy inrentikin;Y

3 is a perspective 1View of a ad of heatinsulating 1 material constructein accord,- ance with my invention. Fig. ,4 is a section Y similar toFig. 2, showing a modiiied form of construction;

An essentialv feature of my invention consiste in providingheat-insulating material which is exceeding'l light.

Another essentie feature of my invention consists in" providing whatrlterm compositiel heat-insulating material, in which av plurality ofsubstances, all sci-called non- ,Y

conductors of heat, are empio ed so that to penetrate the body formed te heat will Vmoet witlivarious resistances to hinder its passage.

j vAnother yessential feature of my invention consistsin forming auchinsulating material 1n ads orblocks'of various forms and sizes, whichwill enable it to be more readily handled andrenders-it stronger andmore compact than if constructed to correspond in size and shape withthe area to be covered or insulated thereby.h

consistsnprovidin in the insulatin mate-n Another essential feature ofymy invention rial a large number o small relatively isolated air-cellsto so confine the air as to prevent it frcinserving as a vehicle totransmit heat appliedY to or absorbed at one point in a wall vto otherparte thereof, thus lccalizing such absorption or enetration.

To these an other ends my invention con siste, primarily, in providing aheat-insulating sheet or wall which comprises two pareils sheets A andVB, of aper or other so-called.

non-conductor of eat, between which are mounted a plurality of parallelcorrugated strips C ci similar material, the ridges of the eorrugationsthereof being cemented to the sinner faces of the sheets A and B.Between Vadjacent strips C are provided partition- Walls D, also of asimilar material, the upper and lower. edfres of which are cemented tothe Y inner :faces of the sheets A and B. The edges et said strips Cabut against the said artitionwalls, and the joints thus ici-ine heatpenetrating either of the Outer sheets cannot continue its passage, butis absorbed the air in the cells therein, and its further passage is aain resisted by the walls of said cell and by t e air of adjacent cells,by which it is absorbed., so that penetration throiigh the sheet isexceedingly slow, .thus rendering changes of temperature from exteriorcauses in a compartment lined with this material very slow, particularlyby reason of the fact that the air contained in anyone cell cannot actasa vehicle to distribute any change of temperature except over a verysmall sur- YYface. This material is particularly adapted for liningrefrigerator-ccm artmcnts by reason of itsV very light weig t andefliclency. To render it more serviceable, the cuter sheets A and B arecoated with any suitable Waterprocn material.

While insu atin -sheets as shove described arvery eiiicient 1nthemselves, it would be Eexpensive to form a thick insulating-Walltherewith, particularly as the efficiency thereof becomes greater as thenumber of air-cells of smaller volume increases. Hence in theconstruction of thickl insulating-'walls it is may Abe more completelyhermetieaily sealed by in- VYtrcducing cement or los IIC

advantageous to use a cheaper filling, referably of lighter materials.Such lil ing is reerabl of a light ber, and to produce the est resu tssuch liber should be carded, for the reason that when all bers extend inthe same direction, so as to lie upon and overlap each other, theinsulation is most'eifective.

In the animal kingdom it will be noted that hair or wool is always soarranged as to extend in one direction and overlapping and that nearlyall animals have the power of raising the hair, this power beingutilized by such animals in hot Weather to cool the skin, so that it isreasonable to suppose that when the hair lies flat and overla s theinsulation is most complete. It will a so be noted that such hairgenerally extends horizontal] or downwardlythat is, that the free en sof the hairs are lowermost-so that the warm air contained in the furcannot readily escape. Hence I prefer to em loy a filling E; consistingof a plurality of iayers of cotton wadding or similar material the berof which is carded, and this I arrange so that such fibersY extendhorizontally, the various layers of such fiber being separated bypartitions of paper or similar material, as indicated at F. The cottonwaddin which `I prefer to use generally consists o two thin sheets oftissue-paper or calendered fiber, between which the carded fiber isheld, and such thin paper or calendered fiber may form the partitions,or an additional sheet or sheets may be provided between the layers of-such fiber. The said carded liber is not sufiiciently stiff for its ownsupport, so that if loosely inserted between outer Walls of stiffinsulating material it would readily pack down in the lower ortion ofthe sp'ace in which it is contained so that the upper portion would forman air-space only. Hence to support such fiber properly the same ispreferabl slightly compressed between the outer wa ls and is cementedthereto by irst coatin the inner face of the outer wall with a suitab eadhesive material and a pl ing a sheet of wadding thereto while sai ahesi-ve material is moist. Additional sheets may be similarly cementedtogether and to any intervening partition-wa ls, so that such fiber isthus suitably supported. It Will be obvious, however, that such su portwould not answer for lar e vertically-disposed areas of such fiber, an Irefer, therefore, to form relatively small books or ads as follows:Between two outer or doub e outer layers G of the cellular insulatingmaterial hereinbefore described I mount a plurality of sheets I ofcarded fibrous wadding, which may be alternated with additional sheetsof said cellular insulatin material and relatively stiff partition-Wals, consisting of sheets of paper or the like. All of the sheets employedhave a common area of, for example, one square foot, thus formin a blockhaving such area and which is bui up to any desired thickness. The ed esof this block are bound or lined with sti board or similar material,whic previously coated on their inner faces with a suitable adhesivematerial by means of which the edges of all of the sheets contained -inthe block are cemented thereto, such blocks being further strengthenedby strips J of tape or the like cemented at their free ends to the outersheets G and passing over the sheets H.

The blocks formed are slightly com ressed before the binding-sheets Hare app ied, so as to insure the retention of the wadding in properrelative position and exhaustin part of the air contained therein. Suchlocks may then be inserted in the walls of refrigerators andrefrigerator-cars and used generally wherever insulation is desired,except, of

sheets H of pa er or card-l have been course, where the same would besubjected to hi h temperatures.

I c aim as my invention- 1. An insulating-Wall comprising incombination, outer walls of relatively non-conducting material havingsmall isolated-aircells therein, a llin comprising a plurality of layersof carded brous material, and intermediate walls ofrelatively'non-conducting material interposed at intervals between saidouter walls to support said filling.

2. As a new article of manufacture, an insulating-pad comprisin incombination, parallel outer walls of a re atively non-conductingmaterial provided with isolated air-cells, loo

a filling of carded fiber interposed between said outer walls, aplurality of intermediate supporting-walls interposed in said filling,

and a binding of relatively non-conducting 4 material around the edgesof said pad., sai carded liber and said outer and intermediate wallsbeing cemented together and said bindin being also cemented to theedges.

n testimony whereof I have si ed my name in presence of two subscribingwit- 11o nesses.

EMIL KUNZ.

Witnesses:

RUDOLPH WM. Lo'rz, F. SCHLOTFELD.

